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March 24, 20267 citationsOpen Access

Universal area-decay exponents in K-parametrized non-holomorphic fractal families: a complete classification

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MBMichael Bird

Key Points

  • The aim is to classify non-holomorphic complex iterations and identify universal area-decay exponents related to parameter conditions.
  • Derived an exact Decoupling Lemma for complex iterations.
  • Established a closed-form two-step stability boundary.
  • Characterized three universality classes based on the vanishing order of gate functions.
  • Verified predictions across eight functions within various scientific fields.
  • Identified universal decay exponents γ for three distinct classes: Class A (γ=2), Class B (γ=1 with logarithmic correction), and Class C (anomalous scaling).
  • Validated the formula γ=2/(1 + α) for 0 < α ≤1 and γ=1/α for α>1.
  • Observed a sharp phase transition at K* ≈ 25, leading to distinct power-law and exponential-collapse behaviors.

Abstract

We study the family of non-holomorphic complex iterations zn+1 = Kzng(Im(zn))+c, parameterized by K > 0 and a real-valued gate function g. We prove an exact Decoupling Lemma, derive a closed-form two-step stability boundary, and establish that the stable parameter-space area satisfies A(K)∼C(α,g0,R) K−γ with universal exponent determined by the vanishing order αof g at the operating point. This yields three universality classes: Class A (g(0) > 0, γ = 2), Class B (odd zero, γ = 1 with logarithmic correction, exact coefficient CB = 2R), and Class C (infinite-order zero, anomalous scaling A(K)∼2R/√ln K, exact coefficient CC = 2R). We verify the predicted exponent to 0.2% precision across eight functions spanning six independent scientific fields, including non-integer exponents (α= 1/2, γ = 4/3, verified to 0.14%; α = 3/4, γ = 8/7, verified to 0.08%) and a super-linear exponent (α = 2, γ = 1/2, verified to 0.01%). The formula γ = 2/(1 + α) is proved for 0 1 is proved with γ = 1/α and exact constant involving sin(π/α). The two cases join continuously at α = 1. An N-step extension establishes that the universality exponent γ is unchanged by replacing two-step escape with n-step escape. A new section characterises the fractal geometry of the stability set: cusp bifurcation near K ≈11, imaginary-axis displacement law Im(z∗)∼−ln K, and a sharp phase transition at K∗ ≈25 between power-law and exponential-collapse regimes, confirmed visually across the full parameter family.

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Cite This Study

Michael Bird (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c229bdaeb5a845df0d4b7chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19166571
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