What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to explore the history and advancements in RSV vaccine development, highlighting safety concerns and current strategies.

March 26, 2026Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control0 citationsOpen Access

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Vaccine

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NINobuhisa ISHIGURO

Key Points

The central aim is to explore the history and advancements in RSV vaccine development, highlighting safety concerns and current strategies.
Review of historical vaccine development efforts
Analysis of vaccine-related disease enhancement
Examination of recent vaccine technologies including subunit and mRNA vaccines
1960s FI-RSV vaccine led to severe respiratory issues and fatalities due to vaccine associated enhanced disease.
Understanding the role of the F protein in neutralizing antibody induction has advanced vaccine strategies.
Recent developments include stabilized pre-fusion F protein vaccines and effective clinical monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract

Respiratory Syncytial Virus（RSV）は，ニューモウイルス科に属する一本鎖RNAウイルスである．健康な成人が感染した場合は軽度の風邪症状にとどまることが多いが，乳幼児，高齢者，免疫抑制患者では重症化のリスクが高く，長年にわたりワクチンの開発が求められてきた．1960年代に開発されたホルマリン不活化RSVワクチン（FI-RSV）は，十分な効果を示さないばかりか，接種者がRSVに自然感染した際に重篤な呼吸器症状を呈し，死亡例も報告された．この現象は後に「ワクチン関連疾患増強（VAED）」と呼ばれ，RSVのワクチン開発は長く停滞することとなった．その後，VAEDの発症機序が解明されるとともに，RSVの細胞融合にウイルス表面のFタンパク質が関与し，特に融合前構造のFタンパク質が有効な中和抗体を誘導することが明らかとなった．2010年代には，この融合前Fタンパク質を安定化させる技術が確立され，ワクチン開発は大きく進展した．2020年代に入り，融合前Fタンパク質を抗原とするサブユニットワクチンやmRNAワクチンが実用化され，モノクローナル抗体も臨床で使用されるようになった．一方で，成人におけるRSVの流行状況の把握が不十分であることや，基礎疾患のない乳児への予防戦略が未確定であることなど，いまだ解決すべき課題も残されている．

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Cite This Study

Nobuhisa ISHIGURO (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c4cda5fdc3bde44891a51f https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.40.197

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March 26, 2026Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control0 citationsOpen Access

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Vaccine

View Full Paper

NINobuhisa ISHIGURO

Key Points

The central aim is to explore the history and advancements in RSV vaccine development, highlighting safety concerns and current strategies.
Review of historical vaccine development efforts
Analysis of vaccine-related disease enhancement
Examination of recent vaccine technologies including subunit and mRNA vaccines
1960s FI-RSV vaccine led to severe respiratory issues and fatalities due to vaccine associated enhanced disease.
Understanding the role of the F protein in neutralizing antibody induction has advanced vaccine strategies.
Recent developments include stabilized pre-fusion F protein vaccines and effective clinical monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract

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View Full Paper

Cite This Study

Nobuhisa ISHIGURO (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c4cda5fdc3bde44891a51f https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.40.197

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