The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources has accelerated the development of intelligent energy management systems that can efficiently integrate transportation and power networks. Solar-powered EV charging stations represent an environmentally sustainable solution that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and minimizes carbon emissions. However, the intermittent nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and the increasing demand for EV charging require advanced power electronic converters capable of efficient energy transfer and grid interaction. Bidirectional DC-DC converters play a critical role in enabling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, allowing energy to flow both from the grid to electric vehicles during charging and from EV batteries back to the grid during peak demand periods. This research presents the design and analysis of a bidirectional DC-DC converter for V2G-enabled solar-powered EV charging systems. The proposed system integrates a solar PV array, battery energy storage, and EV charging interface through an advanced bidirectional converter architecture capable of operating in both buck and boost modes. The converter enables efficient power exchange among the PV source, EV battery, and electrical grid while maintaining stable voltage regulation and high conversion efficiency. The system is modeled and analyzed using a simulation environment to evaluate its performance under different operating conditions such as solar irradiance variation, EV charging demand, and grid power support scenarios. Key performance parameters including efficiency, voltage stability, power flow control, and harmonic distortion are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed bidirectional converter significantly enhances system flexibility, improves energy utilization, and supports grid stability through V2G functionality. The proposed architecture offers an effective solution for integrating renewable energy resources with EV charging infrastructure and contributes to the development of sustainable smart grid systems.
Agarwal et al. (2026) studied this question.