This study explores the isolation and characterization of cellulose from Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Shell, a novel and sustainable source. Following alkaline treatment and bleaching, the extracted cellulose was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results reveal the presence of characteristic functional groups: hydroxyl (-OH), methylene (-CH), and β(1→4)-glycosidic (C-O) bonds, indicative of cellulose. XRD analysis showed the existence of the 002 plane associated with cellulose with a high crystallinity index (89.28% to 63.74%) and crystal sizes (31.63 nm to 30.11 nm). SEM images revealed agglomerated cellulose fibers with smooth surfaces and varying sizes, indicating high purity. Thermal stability evaluation using TGA showed a two-stage degradation process, with the main degradation occurring between 231.51°C and 448.18°C, indicating moisture loss and carbon gasification. The results suggest that Balanites aegyptiaca seed shell is a viable cellulose source for biodegradable composites, food, and cosmetics. The high crystallinity index, crystal size, and thermal stability make the extracted cellulose suitable for these applications. This study contributes to research on sustainable materials, highlighting agricultural waste as a valuable cellulose production resource.
Alhassan Adeku Sallau (2026) studied this question.