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March 29, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Kerr-Planck Cosmology in Loop Quantum Gravity: Three Fermionic Generations from Winding Modes in the EPRL Amplitude of a Kerr-Planck

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CCCarlos Javier Díaz Curiel

Key Points

  • The goal is to derive a mass operator for fermions within the framework of loop quantum gravity, demonstrating the emergence of three fermionic generations.
  • Derived the mass operator from the 4-dimensional Einstein-Cartan action coupled to Dirac fields.
  • Utilized the covariant EPRL spin-foam amplitude with a Kerr-Planck boundary.
  • Optimized the effective action using winding modes around a compact manifold geometry.
  • Minimization of the effective action reveals three stable winding modes n = 1, 2, 3.
  • The resulting Yukawa couplings reproduce the observed hierarchy of fermion masses without requiring free parameters.
  • Derived interactions align with theoretical predictions, supporting the framework of loop quantum gravity.

Abstract

We derive an effective fermionic mass operator directly from the 4-dimensional Einstein-Cartan action coupled to Dirac fields, using the covariant EPRL spin-foam amplitude with a Kerr-Planck Euclidean core as boundary data. The boundary geometry is a compact manifold S 1 τ × S 2 supporting an SU(2)184 Chern-Simons theory with level k = 184 and N = 212 punctures of spin 1/2. Expanding fermions in winding modes around the Euclidean time circle, we show that the EPRL amplitude reduces semiclassically to an effective action Seff(n) = 4π n + nBCS + δn, where the term 4π/n arises from the classical geodesic length of the Euclidean Kerr core, nBCS is the Witten phase of the Chern-Simons boundary state, and δn is the monopole-induced correction from the Dirac spectrum on S 2 . Minimization of Seff(n), together with the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index on S 1 × S 2 , selects exactly three stable winding modes n = 1, 2, 3. These modes yield exponentially separated Yukawa couplings mn = ve−Seff(n) , reproducing the observed hierarchy of fermion masses without free parameters or fine tuning. This provides a first-principles derivation of three fermionic generations from the covariant dynamics of loop quantum gravity.

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Cite This Study

Carlos Javier Díaz Curiel (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c30dde0f0f753b39d9bfhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19251521
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