A simple condensation method for obtaining a niosomal form of a practically water-insoluble biocide (chlorhexidine base, CHX), which is an effective CHX carrier in an aqueous medium, is proposed and implemented. The approach is based on the solubilization of CHX in micellar aqueous solutions of polyoxyethylated surfactants (Tween 80 and Tween 20) without using organic solvents, high-energy dispersion and a rotary evaporator, which are necessary attributes in the usual practice of obtaining niosomes, and provides a high degree of biocide encapsulation (96 ± 2%). Aqueous dispersions of two-component niosomes (Tween 80 + CHX and Tween 20 + CHX) stable for a long time were obtained. The sizes of niosomes, their structure, solubilization capacity and transport properties relative to CHX were determined. The effect of the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactant on the sizes and stability of niosomes with incorporated CHX was analyzed. A mechanism for the transformation of micelles of polyoxyethylated surfactants with solubilized CHX into niosomes at a CHX/Surfactant molar ratio of 1/2 is proposed.
Zadymova et al. (2025) studied this question.