ABSTRACT Iridium dioxide (IrO 2 ) is an industrial anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), and the development of effective methods to enhance its activity and durability is required. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to boost the catalytic performance of IrO 2 by introducing hydrogen atoms into the crystal lattice using glycerol as a hydrogen source. This hydrogen intercalation drives a tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transition, with a refinement of the nanoparticles down to the sub‐2 nm scale. Due to the synergetic modification of the atomic, electronic, and morphological structures, the hydrogen‐intercalated nanocatalyst achieves a boost in catalytic activity for acidic oxygen evolution reaction and reduces Ir leaching by over 80% relative to pristine IrO 2 . When integrated into a practical PEMWE, the hydrogen‐intercalated nanocatalyst shows high activity at current densities of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 A cm −2 , and operates stably for more than 1000 h at each current density. Integrated operando spectroscopy, isotopic tracing, and theoretical modeling reveal a mixed oxygen evolution mechanism, with the dominant adsorbate evolution route and a limited lattice oxygen participation. This work deepens the understanding of hydrogen intercalation chemistry of inorganic oxides, and provides a novel way to design efficient Ir‐based electrocatalysts without sacrificing catalytic stability.
Shen et al. (2026) studied this question.