Blood transfusion using 26-gauge short peripheral catheters: In vitro experiments and clinical observations in adult patients with hematological diseases

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 26-gauge short peripheral catheters (SPCs) for blood transfusion in adults with hematological diseases. Study design and methods: This integrated study combined in vitro experiments with a historical clinical control. In vitro assessments evaluated mechanical hemolysis and transfusion duration for four blood components. Clinically, hematology patients from October 2022 to September 2023 served as controls ( n = 300), while those from October 2023 to September 2024 comprised the observation group ( n = 300). Outcomes included hemolytic symptoms and signs, transfusion duration, first-attempt success, pain scores, and catheter-related complications. Statistical analysis employed t -tests, chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In vitro experiments demonstrated no mechanical hemolysis, with all components transfused within standard requirements. Clinically, no hemolysis occurred, with all components transfused within specified timeframes. The observation group demonstrated significantly higher first-attempt success (91.33% vs 84.33%), lower pain scores (1.64 ± 0.70 vs 2.49 ± 0.84), and reduced phlebitis incidence (9.67% vs 19.00%; all p < .05). No significant differences were observed in catheter blockage, bleeding incidence, or indwelling duration between groups. Conclusion: Using 26-gauge SPCs for transfusion caused no mechanical hemolysis, met transfusion duration requirements, and resulted in higher first-attempt success, reduced pain, and lower phlebitis incidence. Therefore, they are recommended for adult patients with hematological diseases.