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March 31, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Tuning Mesh Theory (TSM): A Phenomenological Model for the Masses of Six Light Fermions Based on a Hexagonal Lattice

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JMJusto Antonio Rodríguez Marrero

Key Points

  • This research aims to create a model to explain the masses of six elementary fermions using a hexagonal lattice structure.
  • Developed a mass formula based on a three-dimensional hexagonal lattice structure.
  • Utilized lattice coordinates and optimized rational parameters through a grid search approach.
  • Verified mathematical patterns in fermionic masses by analyzing integer values and their relationships.
  • Achieved mass predictions for leptons with less than 0.3% error and light quarks within 7% accuracy.
  • Confirmed exact mathematical relationships consistent with SU(3) lattice patterns.
  • Provided reproducible results through included Python code.

Abstract

```We present a phenomenological model for the masses of six elementary fermions (electron, muon, tau, up, down, strange) based on a three‑dimensional hexagonal lattice. The mass formula is M = MS · ΦJRᵃ · χᵇ with ΦJR = 1/√e, χ = √2/2, and MS = 172. 57 GeV (the top quark mass). For the six light fermions the exponents (a, b) are expressed in terms of integer lattice coordinates (n₁, n₂, n₃) and rational parameters α=2/5, β=3/5, γ=7/5 optimized by a grid search. The model reproduces experimental masses with errors below 0. 3% for leptons and within 7% for light quarks (compatible with current uncertainties). We verify exact mathematical patterns: the pair (n₁, n₂) lies on the root lattice of SU (3) (hexagonal lattice), the leptons follow exact parabolic trajectories n₁ (g), n₂ (g) with g=n₃=1, 2, 3, and the sums satisfy n₁+n₂ = 30-8g (slope -8, the dimension of the SU (3) algebra). The model is presented as a phenomenological description; no fundamental derivation is claimed. The Python code to reproduce all results is included. This is a new, clean publication, independent of previous versions. Only verifiable results are presented. ```

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Justo Antonio Rodríguez Marrero (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69cb6556e6a8c024954b976fhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19305316
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