Aiming at the single point of failure, performance bottleneck and compliance challenge caused by the current international trade settlement system relying on centralized systems such as SWIFT, this paper proposes and implements an automatic control system for trade settlement based on smart contracts. Research and build a high-performance settlement infrastructure supporting multi-currency and multi-scenarios, achieve scalability and interoperability through hierarchical modular architecture, innovatively integrate the hybrid consensus mechanism of immediate certainty of PBFT and energy-saving advantages of PoS, and introduce a dynamic weight adjustment algorithm based on pledge amount and historical reputation to improve system robustness. Intelligent contract adopts hierarchical design, which separates the unmodifiable basic contract layer from the scalable application contract layer, taking into account the security and business flexibility of core settlement logic; At the same time, the observer node is embedded to achieve "penetrating" supervision, and the combination of zero knowledge proof and offline storage scheme meets the requirements of data sovereignty laws and regulations such as GDPR. In terms of performance optimization, cross-chain asset mapping and real-time exchange rate settlement are realized through fragmentation technology, state channel and Oracle network, so that the peak throughput of the system reaches 1000+ TPS. The test results show that the throughput of hybrid consensus is increased by 96.4% to 550 TPS compared with pure PBFT in the 50-node alliance chain environment, and the average delay is about 2s. The effectiveness and reliability of hybrid consensus in high concurrency, fault tolerance and regulatory compliance scenarios are successfully verified, which provides key technical support for the next generation of global digital trade infrastructure.
Zhi Kang (2026) studied this question.