A Study of Components and Factors Constituting the Images of Japanese EFL Learners

Recent studies have critically examined unconscious learning processes via English Language Teaching (ELT) materials. One recurring ideology seen in these ELT materials is the depiction of Japanese people as “bad speakers of English,” which may have a detrimental effect on Japanese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ learning motivation and learning outcomes. This study aimed to discuss and develop a model that illustrates the components and factors that constitute the images of Japanese EFL learners. The findings elucidate how participants internalize and reflect on their personal experiences to negatively shape perceptions of Japanese EFL learners’ English proficiency. These insights underscore the necessity of developing English education policies and ELT materials that avoid ideological constructions of images, such as stereotypical portrayals of Japanese people, native speaker-oriented ideologies, overly positive images of English, and overly high expectations toward English education in schools.