The study was carried out with the aim of molecular genotyping of strawberry cultivars for the powdery mildew, anthracnosis, and red stele root rot pathogen resistance alleles. Biological objects were 54 cultivars of garden strawberry (F. × ananassa) from the genetic collection of the Michurin Federal Scientific Center. Genomic DNA extraction was performed according to the modified CTAB protocol. Pathogens resistance alleles were detected in strawberry using classical PCR (08 To-f—resistance to powdery mildew, Rca2—resistance to anthracnosis, and Rpf1—resistance to red stele root rot) and high-resolution melting curve analysis (FaRCa1 and FaRCg1 anthracnosis resistance loci). The 08 To-f locus was detected in 11.1% of cultivars, while FaRCa1, Rca2, and FaRCg1 were detected in 40.7, 12.9, and 35.2% of cultivars, respectively. The Rpf1 gene was identified in 1.8% of the analyzed cultivars. At least one of the five studied resistance loci is present in 74.1% of genotypes (among domestic cultivars—78.6% of accessions and among foreign cultivars—69.2% of accessions). No genotype revealed the simultaneous presence of the combination of 5 and 4 resistance alleles. Borovitskaya (FaRCa1, Rca2, and FaRCg1) and Sudarushka (Rca2, FaRCg1, and 08 To-f) cultivars are characterized by the combination of three resistance alleles. The combination of two alleles was detected in 22.2% of the accessions: Zenit, Neznakomka, Urozhaynaya TsGL, Flora, Salsa, Vicoda (FaRCa1 + FaRCg1), Aprica (FaRCa1 + Rca2), Ostara (FaRCa1 + 08 To-f), Bylinnaya (08 To-f + Rpf1), Florence, and Malwina (08 To-f + Rca2). These cultivars may be considered as promising complex genetic sources of pathogen resistance alleles, and it would be advisable to use them in the breeding process to improve the existing garden strawberry cultivars.
Lyzhin et al. (2025) studied this question.