Ammonia synthesis through the Haber–Bosch process is energy‐ and carbon‐intensive; thus, sustainable alternatives are required. Solar‐driven nitrogen reduction offers a promising route by utilizing light to convert atmospheric N 2 into ammonia. This review examines recent advances in biotic–abiotic hybrid systems for photosynthetic nitrogen fixation, focusing on the integration of light‐harvesting materials with biotic components such as nitrogenase enzymes or microorganisms. We discuss the roles of inorganic, organic, and hybrid photosensitizers in charge generation and transfer within these coupled systems. Key challenges in interfacial integration, electron delivery efficiency, product selectivity, and long‐term stability are critically assessed, alongside emerging strategies to enhance compatibility and performance. By bridging materials science, photocatalysis, and biology, this work outlines design principles and future directions toward efficient and sustainable photosynthetic nitrogen fixation systems for green ammonia production.
Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.