The prevalence of CKD in Polish adults is 5.8%, which is lower than expected but strongly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors like age, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.
The estimated prevalence of CKD among adults in Poland is 5.8% (∼1 724 960 patients). Its prevalence was lower than expected. CKD is more frequent in older subjects, smokers and people with comorbidities such as AH and DM.
Zdrojewski et al. (2015) studied this question.