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April 8, 20260 citationsOpen Access

From Amsler Surface to Pseudosphere: Journey via a 6‑Dimensional Extended TSO

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AKAnton Kalmykov

Key Points

  • The aim is to develop a unified geometric framework that connects the Amsler surface to the pseudosphere through continuous deformation.
  • Utilized a six-dimensional extension of the Time-Shared Object (TSO) framework.
  • Constructed deformable paths between surfaces using geometric parameters like a branch parameter and orientation angle.
  • Inserted an explicit rigid rotation to link the horizontal and vertical lines.
  • Detailed limiting behaviors at specific parameter values and the construction of the 5-dimensional TSO.
  • Successfully demonstrated that the Amsler surface can continuously deform into the pseudosphere.
  • Identified a common endpoint where the surfaces collapse to a horizontal line in the (u,v)-plane.
  • Highlighted a smooth path formed by concatenating pendulum solutions and rigid rotations.

Abstract

We present a unified geometric framework that continuously deforms the symmetric Amsler surface into the pseudosphere (kink solution). The construction uses a six‑dimensional extension of the Time‑Shared Object (TSO) Kalmykov2026 that incorporates a branch parameter selecting the solution of the reduced ODE and an orientation angle for the degenerate line. The GAE family with the \ (s\) condition provides a path from the Amsler surface to the constant \ (2\) solution; at this endpoint the surface collapses to a horizontal line lying in the \ ( (u, v) \) -plane. A one‑parameter family of pendulum solutions connects the same constant \ (2\) solution to the kink, but its degenerate limit is the vertical \ (z\) -axis. To join the two families at the level of immersed surfaces, we insert an explicit rigid rotation that continuously rotates the horizontal line into the vertical line. By smoothly concatenating the four segments we obtain a \ (C^\) path in the extended space \ (E = T₅ S¹\), demonstrating that the two classical pseudospherical surfaces are continuously deformable into one another. The paper details the limiting behaviour at \ (s=0, 1, 2, 3\), the construction of the 5‑dimensional TSO \ (T₅\), the degenerate metric connections, the rotation step, and the final smooth path.

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Cite This Study

Anton Kalmykov (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d5f07d74eaea4b11a79eafhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19440304
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