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April 8, 2026Psychological Medicine2 citationsOpen Access

Associations between five forms of child maltreatment and depression: a multilevel meta-analytic comparison

BRBruce RindGRGerulf Rieger

Key Points

  • This research aims to analyze the relationship between various forms of child maltreatment and depression, emphasizing emotional maltreatment.
  • Conducted a multilevel meta-analysis
  • Modeled effect size dependence
  • Reduced between-samples confounds
  • Emotional maltreatment, especially emotional abuse, is most strongly linked to depression
  • Clearer evidence of associations among different forms of maltreatment

Abstract

By modeling effect size dependence and reducing between-samples confounds, this study provides clearer evidence that emotional maltreatment - particularly emotional abuse - is most strongly linked to depression. These findings underscore the need for greater clinical and prevention focus on emotional forms of maltreatment.

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Cite This Study

Rind et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d5f0d774eaea4b11a7a555https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329172610381x
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