Sustainable diets — defined as dietary patterns with low environmental impacts that contribute to food and nutrition security and healthy life for present and future generations — are integral to achieving global health and sustainability goals. This paper explores the concept of sustainable diets, their influence on human health outcomes, and environmental impacts. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to examine evidence linking dietary patterns such as plant-based diets, Mediterranean diets, and reduced animal-based food consumption with improved health outcomes and reduced environmental burdens. Findings suggest that sustainable diets are associated with lower risks of chronic diseases and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water consumption. However, barriers to adoption include cultural preferences, economic constraints, and food access. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy, research, and education to promote sustainable dietary transitions.
Archana Kasaudhan (2026) studied this question.