This paper presents Theory of Infinite Universe and Quantum Vacuum (IUQV), a unified theoretical framework explaining cosmological observations through the electromagnetic properties of a quantum vacuum. We define vacuum as an active medium with intrinsic impedance Z₀ and fundamental vacuum conductivity ₀ determined by the density of virtual electron-positron pairs (e^+ e^-). We demonstrate that the Hubble constant H₀ arises from the dissipation of the photon energy in this medium. We found a fundamental constant of dissipation: Every photon, regardless of its frequency (from Gamma-rays to Radio waves), loses exactly hH₀ of energy per oscillation (h H₀ 1. 5 10^-51 J). This is effectively the “minimum energy dissipation unit” of the cosmos. We introduce the concept of Induced Vacuum Mass, which is proportional to the gravitational field strength, to replace the dark matter hypothesis, providing a physical mechanism for the flat rotation curve of galaxies and the Tully-Fisher relationship. We also present the capabilities for easy IUQV testing. This could be the theory that physics needs to solve the problems of modern cosmology, with its inherent unity.
Nghia Nguyen (2026) studied this question.