Are higher cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality?
Higher stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome are associated with increased mortality, emphasizing the importance of primordial and primary prevention.
Higher CKM syndrome stages were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These findings emphasize that primordial and primary prevention efforts on promoting CKM health should be strengthened to reduce mortality risk.
Li et al. (2025) studied this question.