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This is the second of a series of two articles reporting the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation ECCO evidence-based consensus on the management of adult patients with ulcerative colitis UC. The first article is focused on medical management, and the present article addresses medical treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis ASUC and surgical management of medically refractory UC patients, including preoperative optimisation, surgical strategies, and technical issues. The article provides advice for a variety of common clinical and surgical conditions. Together, the articles represent an update of the evidence-based recommendations of the ECCO for UC.
Spinelli et al. (2021) studied this question.