ABSTRACT We present a minimal torsion-based extension of cosmology within the frameworkof nonlinear teleparallel gravity, defined by F (T) = T + ξ T². The modelintroduces a higher-order correction to the standard Friedmann equations whilepreserving the General Relativity limit in the regime ξ → 0. The central conceptual idea is that gravitational systems are not fundamentallypoint-like singularities, but exhibit an intrinsic geometric structure associatedwith torsion. In this view, gravity is interpreted not only as curvature, but asa structured geometric dynamics that becomes relevant in regimes of high densityor strong gravitational fields. Within a spatially flat FLRW background, the framework yields a closedcosmological system with a modified expansion law and an explicit H (z) relation. The model remains analytically tractable and introduces only a single additionalparameter. In addition, we propose a minimal geometric ansatz for compact objects in whichthe central singularity is replaced by a finite, regular core. The resultingspacetime recovers Schwarzschild behavior at large radii while remainingnon-singular at small scales, suggesting a torsion-dominated internal structure. The presented framework is not intended as a complete theory of gravity, but as amathematically consistent minimal model that captures the possibility ofstructured gravitational dynamics and provides a basis for further analyticaland observational investigation.
Asil Karahan (2026) studied this question.