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Pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) sequences have been used to measure the signal loss of 19F in perfluorinated hydrocarbon blood substitutes moving within the vasculature of the rat brain in the experimental conditions of the study. The signal loss is not characterized by a single apparent pseudodiffusion coefficient. A simple vascular network model based on self-similarity has been used to calculate the shape of the signal loss. Excellent agreement with the experiment has been obtained showing that the IVIM measurements are sensitive to flow over a wide range of vessel diameters and flow rates. This model of vascular structure may serve well for other MR measurements that are sensitive to perfusion.
Henkelman et al. (1994) studied this question.