Analytical and numerical investigation of thermal distribution for hybrid nanofluid through an oblique artery with mild stenosis

Abstract In this study, the accuracy of three methods to simulate the thermal diffusivity profile in oblique stenosis artery with hybrid nanofluid and the influence of volume fraction and heat sources in the hybrid nanofluid, including Al 2 O 3 and Cu, is studied. Comparing the analytical methods for reliable answers is important in the new studies. Also, the influence of volume fraction and heat source parameter S in temperature evolution is studied. Akbari–Ganji Method (AGM), Finite Element Method (FEM), and Runge–Kutta method are studied to calculate the stenosis artery's heat profile. The results are compared by reference value, AGM is the more accurate method than FEM and Runge–Kutta methods by less than 7 percent error, and FEM is more accurate than Runge–Kutta by less than 9 percent error. The maximum difference between the three methods happened near the wall of the vessel. 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 is the volume fraction chosen for studying. Changing the volume fraction of nanoparticles is studied by enhancing the volume fraction of Nanoparticles and presenting the Al 2 O 3 , and Cu decreases the max temperature profile and increases the heat source by increasing the maximum heat temperature. Al 2 O 3 has more influence on maximum heat temperature and decreases the temperature profile more.