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A near-field electrospinning (NFES) process has been developed to deposit solid nanofibers in a direct, continuous, and controllable manner. A tungsten electrode with tip diameter of 25 microm is used to construct nanofibers of 50-500 nm line width on silicon-based collectors while the liquid polymer solution is supplied in a manner analogous to that of a dip pen. The minimum applied bias voltage is 600 V, and minimum electrode-to-collector distance is 500 microm to achieve position controllable deposition. Charged nanofibers can be orderly collected, making NFES a potential tool in direct write nanofabrication for a variety of materials.
Sun et al. (2006) studied this question.