This review provides an overview of pathophysiological concepts and available therapies for heart failure.
Heart failure is a costly and deadly condition that currently affects nearly 5 million Americans. The incidence approaches 10 per 1000 population among persons older than 65 years of age. This review highlights current pathophysiological concepts and discusses available therapies for a range of patients — from those at risk to those with widespread disease.
Jessup et al. (2003) studied this question.