Introduction: The hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, is persistent hyperglycemia caused by reduced insulin action, secretion, or both. It affects vital organs such as the muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, and can lead to major complications, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. DM, especially type 2, remains incurable despite various treatment options, and progressive β-cell failure causes current medications to lose effectiveness over time. Methods: The results of several preclinical and clinical studies examining the function of flavonoids, which are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are summarized in this article. Their modes of action and possible therapeutic advantages are highlighted. Results: A variety of antidiabetic actions are exhibited by flavonoids, which include catechins, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, and others. These compounds have been demonstrated to increase glucose tolerance, decrease intestinal glucose absorption, stimulate insulin production, imitate the action of insulin, improve peripheral tissue glucose uptake, and control important enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Discussion: Flavonoids have medicinal potential because of their capacity to alter several cellular pathways related to glucose homeostasis. Their broad biological activity and natural origin make them appealing options for adjuvant therapy in the treatment of diabetes. Conclusion: Promising natural agents for improving current diabetic therapy are flavonoids and their derivatives. To fully realize their promise in the fight against DM, more study into their mechanisms and therapeutic uses are necessary.
Patil et al. (2026) studied this question.