Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has elicited much attention across disciplines and industries (Hyder et al., Citation2019). AI has been defined as “a system’s ability to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation” (Kaplan & Haenlein, Citation2019, p. 15). AI has gone through several development stages and AI winters. In the first two decades (i.e., 1950s and 1960s), AI demonstrated success which included programs such as General Problem Solver (Newell et al., Citation1959) and ELIZA (Weizenbaum, Citation1966). However, limitations in processing capacity and reduced spending on AI turned its development into stagnation. In recent years, AI has made a comeback with the introduction of AlphaGo in 2015 and ChatGPT in 2022. Following the release of the application named “Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer” or ChatGPT by OpenAI in late 2022, AI has attracted worldwide attention.
Nah et al. (2023) studied this question.