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April 15, 2026SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae0 citationsOpen Access

百年尺度长江口吴淞站平均海平面变化研究

赛胡赛寅 胡郭郭磊城春朱春燕 朱

Key Points

  • The study aims to analyze the average sea level changes at Wusong Station over a century, assessing influencing factors.
  • Compiled tidal data from Wusong Station since 1912.
  • Employed calibration methods to correct tidal observations.
  • Calculated sea level rise rates and extreme water levels over defined periods.
  • Ground subsidence was identified as the main source of data error, with a total subsidence of approximately 1.28 m over more than a century.
  • The corrected average sea level rise rate for the past century was found to be 1.89 mm/year, increasing to 2.16 mm/year in the last 50 years.
  • Extreme high water levels at Wusong Station rose at a rate of 7.62 mm/year, indicating increased flood risk.

Abstract

长期潮位观测是全球变化下海平面变化研究的重要基础。国际上多有百年尺度观测资料及长期变化趋势研究,我国基于近10–40年观测数据的海平面变化研究众多,但百年尺度潮汐观测相对缺乏,制约了对更长时间尺度海平面上升速率和趋势的准确认识。长江口吴淞潮位站建站超过百年,但其潮位资料散轶不全,且受地面沉降等影响,导致关于其平均海平面长期变化的认识还存在争议。本文全面梳理了吴淞站1912年以来的潮位资料,总结了潮位校正方法,给出了1912–2024年平均海平面和年最高潮位的变化过程。结果表明地面沉降是造成资料误差的最主要原因,百余年间吴淞站地区累计沉降约1.28 m。计算得到校正后的近百年年均海平面上升速率为1.89 mm a−1,近50年增加到2.16 mm a−1,表明平均海平面加速上升趋势。相比口外大戟山站同期数据,吴淞站上升速率更低,指示径流对河口内平均海平面上升的缓冲作用。吴淞站60余年最高潮位上升速率为7.62 mm a−1,显著大于平均海平面上升速率,表明叠加潮差和风浪等变化的极端水位抬升和洪水风险加剧。该研究结果为我国百年尺度海平面变化研究提供了重要参照,澄清了长江口内外海平面变化快慢差异的问题,为上海地区的洪涝风险应对和黄浦江挡潮大闸建设等提供了科学依据。

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Cite This Study

胡 et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69df2b2ce4eeef8a2a6b020ahttps://doi.org/10.1360/sste-2025-0203
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