A corrosion device was established to simulate the service environment of stainless steel heat exchanger tubes in a gas water heater. The pitting corrosion behaviors on the inner walls of 444, 445 and 316L stainless steel tubes were investigated in a tap water solution at 60 °C under different heating temperatures from 600 to 800 °C for 500 h by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The increase in heating temperature significantly promotes the thickening of scale layers and the formation and growth of corrosion pits on the inner surfaces of the three stainless steel tubes. Under different heating temperature conditions, the maximum and average depths of corrosion pits decrease sequentially from 444 to 445 and then to 316L stainless steel. The scales have similar compositions for the three steel tubes, but the scale thickness is thinner on 316L stainless steel than on the other two steels. In addition, the double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test indicates that there is almost no sensitization for the outer walls of the three stainless steel tubes after being heated at 800 °C.
Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.