A framework for evaluating the electromagnetic field scattered from finite-aperture reconfigurable holographic metasurfaces (RHM) is presented. Based on physical optics and its Fourier representation, the framework accurately captures edge diffraction effects and obliquity in both the near and far field. It can be used either in a forward manner, to predict the scattered field for a known RHM configuration, or in an inverse manner, to predict the RHM configuration required to produce a prescribed scattering. Numerical results validate the model and highlight its relevance to forward and inverse scattering.
Nousiou et al. (2026) studied this question.