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April 16, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Beauty of Magic Squares: 540-Multiple Order Bordered Magic Squares of Orders 20, 30, 42, 56 and 72

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ITInder J. Taneja

Key Points

  • The aim is to systematically construct multiple order bordered magic squares and analyze their structure.
  • Constructed bordered magic squares of orders 20, 30, 42, 56, and 72.
  • Utilized magic squares of orders 3 through 8 for successive borders.
  • Differentiated between equal-sum and different-sum configurations.
  • Developed a hierarchy of distinct configurations through combinatorial multiplicity.
  • Incorporated various border types for increasing square orders.

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic construction of multiple order bordered magic squares at orders 20, 30, 42, 56, and 72 for a full structural summary. Unlike classical block-wise bordered magic squares, which are built as multiples of a single block size, the structures explored here incorporate successive borders drawn from magic squares of orders --- specifically orders 3 through 8 --- each contributing a distinct structural layer. The innermost core is a magic square of order~12 formed by different-sum magic squares of order~3. Successive borders of orders 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are then applied; even-order borders consist of equal-sum, while odd-order borders consist of different-sum magic squares. In case of order 8, first three are of equal-sums and last three are of different sums. The combinatorial multiplicity of border types at each level yields a hierarchy of distinct configurations. The further study of multiple order bordered magic squares of orders 90, 108, 110, 120, 132 and 144 are given in details in the reference list. This work is also available at author's web-site.

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Cite This Study

Inder J. Taneja (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e07dc72f7e8953b7cbebf7https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19573409
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  5. 5Constructing magic squares: an integer constraint satisfaction problem and a fast approach2026