Rapid growth in residential electricity consumption has created a strong need for intelligent and user-friendly monitoring solutions that can help users understand and control their energy usage. Traditional energy meters provide only cumulative readings and do not offer real-time insights into appliance-level consumption. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based Smart Power Monitoring System for home appliances that enables continuous monitoring and remote access to electrical parameters. The proposed system measures real-time voltage, current, power, and energy consumption using ZMPT101B voltage and ACS712 current sensors interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller. The ESP32 processes sensor data and transmits it securely to cloud platforms such as ThingSpeak and Blynk via Wi-Fi, allowing users to visualize and analyze energy usage through mobile or web dashboards. In addition, the system incorporates a relay-based protection mechanism that automatically disconnects the load during abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, voltage fluctuations, or excessive power consumption. This feature helps prevent electrical damage and improves system safety. The proposed solution is low-cost, scal-able, and energy-efficient, making it suitable for residential envi-ronments as well as small industrial applications. By providing real-time monitoring, data analytics, and remote accessibility, the system promotes energy awareness, reduces electricity wastage, and supports the development of smarter and more sustainable energy management systems.
Sharma et al. (2026) studied this question.