Objective: The balance ball is an exercise suitable for beginners; it incorporates diverse elements such as aerobic and anaerobic exercise, stretching, and balance training, with easily adjustable intensity and difficulty. Under instructor guidance, it can be practiced safely and effectively within a short period. Furthermore, online formats allow participation from home, making them suitable for busy women to establish exercise habits. Previous research on the effects of balance ball lessons has primarily focused on improvements in physical and cognitive functions, with little attention paid to the holistic effects. This study aimed to clarify the impact of online balance ball lessons on women’s subjective health perceptions.
Yoshitake et al. (2026) studied this question.