Abstract This article reflects on the 2025 European Society of International Law’s (ESIL) gathering in Berlin, selectively unpacking significant contributions such as the workshop organized by the ESIL’s Interest Group on International Law and Technology. It ponders the overall state of uncertainty as it affects international law. This condition arises from three primary factors: significant geopolitical shifts; the rapid development of predictive technology and its subsequent disruption of habitual temporal patterns; and, finally, the gradual erosion of human presence from the field of legal reasoning. The general conclusion is that the state of uncertainty has potential to enhance authentic expression in practising and researching international law.
Marina Aksenova (2026) studied this question.