Abstract This review provides an overview of current therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination approaches. We review important criteria for their development, and present vaccines currently being actively followed in clinical trials, for precursor lesions or established cancers. Subsequently, we list approaches that reached clinical trial stage but were abandoned. Lastly, we discuss promising preclinical studies. We conclude with a brief overview of novel in silico tools developed to enhance vaccine design.
Audouze-Chaud et al. (2026) studied this question.