Tracking Urban Order in Micromobility

This paper proposes an entropy-based Spatial Order Index for monitoring changes associatedwith geofenced parking interventions in shared micromobility systems. Implemented as virtualparking zones or designated parking locations, such interventions are intended to reduce disorderlyparking and structure vehicle distribution in urban space. The paper develops an objective measureof spatial order by deriving the index from summarizable count-based primitives and Shannonentropy in a form suitable for systematic reporting. The present version applies the approach tooperational micromobility data from Düsseldorf, where spatial order is analyzed over time acrossparking-prohibition zones and related to the rollout of geofenced designated parking locations. Acrossthe study period, the monthly index rises from 0.225 in January 2023 to 0.367 in early 2026 and showsa strong positive association with the number of designated parking locations (r = 0.969). Theseresults illustrate how the index can be used to monitor changes in parking patterns associated withurban parking regulation. Because the method is based on a standardized count-based representation,it is also suitable for comparative analyses across different urban areas and, in principle, acrossdifferent cities.