Fatigue failure in scaffolding components poses significant risks to worker safety, particularly in high-altitude construction environments. This study investigates the fatigue behavior of scaffolding stirrups, a critical structural element prone to premature failure. The objective is to analyze the fatigue damage mechanisms in stirrups through a combined experimental and numerical approach. Mechanical characterization and micro-hardness testing were conducted to assess the material properties of the stirrup, while finite element modeling (FEM) was employed to simulate its performance under cyclic loading. The Johnson–Cook material model was utilized to compare experimental hysteresis curves with FEM results, validating the numerical approach. Additionally, the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was applied to model crack initiation and propagation. Results reveal that material hardening and fatigue crack growth are the primary causes of stirrup failure, with distinct fatigue zones and crack paths identified. The study quantifies the relationship between crack growth stages and stirrup bending, providing insights into the failure process. These findings contribute to improving the safety and lifespan of scaffolding systems by identifying key factors influencing stirrup durability.
Zeidi et al. (2026) studied this question.