We found that an increased genetically predicted AFS was associated with decreasing anxiety disorders, bipolar affective disorders, depression, disturbance of activity and attention (DAA), and post-traumatic stress disorder. An increased genetically predicted NSP was associated with increasing anxiety disorders, bipolar affective disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. SMR analysis found that PDE11A, instead of PDE5A, a drug target for sildenafil, causes DAA. Suggestive evidence was observed regarding the positive association between progesterone receptor expression and risk of depression. Notably, given the exploratory nature of the multiple analyses, these findings require replication in independent cohorts to confirm causal relationships.
Lin et al. (2026) studied this question.