Fire accidents pose serious threats to human life and property in residential, commercial, and industrial environments. Conventional fire detection systems often depend on grid electricity, provide delayed responses, and lack remote monitoring capabilities. This paper proposes a solar-powered Internet of Things (IoT)-based fire safety monitoring system that uses an ESP32 microcontroller, MQ-135 smoke sensors, and DHT11 temperature sensors for early fire detection. The system continuously monitors environmental conditions and provides real-time alerts through an LCD display and buzzer. In addition, remote notifications are sent via the Blynk cloud platform to a mobile device. The integration of solar energy, battery backup, and voltage regulation ensures reliable operation even during power failures. The developed system is energy-efficient, economical, and reliable, making it suitable for smart buildings and industrial safety applications.
Kawade et al. (2026) studied this question.