Time Field Theory XIV: Derivation of the Fine-Structure Constant and Fundamental Electromagnetic Constants from Spacetime Conservation Axiom

As the fourteenth paper in the Time Field Theory (TFT) series, this work strictly adheres to the complete axiom system, physical quantity definitions, and mathematical framework established in Papers I–XIII. Based on the core axiom of total spacetime velocity conservation c²=vₜ²+vₛ² and the second-order spacetime geometry unification principle proposed in Paper XIII, this paper derives the fine-structure constant from first principles by introducing the physical concept of the intrinsic minimum tilt angle of the time field in the observable universe. Furthermore, the fundamental electromagnetic constants, including vacuum permittivity ₀ and vacuum permeability ₀, are uniformly deduced from the spacetime geometric structure. This derivation is parameter-free, self-consistent, and logically closed, which not only reveals the physical origin of the fine-structure constant but also realizes the complete unification of spacetime geometry, fundamental electromagnetic constants, and electromagnetic interaction strength.