Micronutrients have become one of the potentially adjustable determinants of the pathophysiology and complications of T2DM. Of them, vitamin D and B12 have been particularly highlighted. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of both vitamin D and B12 deficiencies in parallel association with T2DM patients and their relationships with major metabolic and hepatic parameters. This study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design performed in a healthcare center located in the district of Ramallah in Palestine. In total, 295 patients fulfilled these criteria and were included in this final analysis. The present study underlines the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the relatively lower, but clinically relevant, incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus within the adult population of the Ramallah district in Palestine. It also demonstrated that low levels of vitamin D were strongly associated with important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Jairoun et al. (2026) studied this question.