South Africa’s transition to a low-carbon energy system is essential to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Given coal's dominance, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) such as Eskom and SANEDI are key to guiding an inclusive, sustainable transition. This study, based on collaborative planning and conflict management theories, views JET as a multi-actor governance process. It explores PPP models to attract investment and foster social inclusion. Using qualitative methods, including institutional analysis and bibliometric mapping, the research identifies policy progress and ongoing challenges, including infrastructure issues, fragmented coordination, gaps in community engagement, and difficulties with technology integration. The study proposes a SOE-focused Just Energy Transition Framework, highlighting stronger PPPs, participatory planning, accountability, and conflict-sensitive governance as essential for meeting climate goals and ensuring social and economic equity.
Nthunya et al. (2026) studied this question.