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April 22, 2026European Heart Journal55 citationsOpen Access

Merging virtual and physical experiences: extended realities in cardiovascular medicine

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TTTsung‐Ying TsaiYOYoshinobu OnumaAZAdriana Złahoda-Huzior

Key Result

Extended reality technologies show broad potential across all stages of cardiovascular medicine, though widespread implementation remains limited by high costs, reliability, and lack of trial evidence.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore how extended realities (XR) can enhance cardiovascular medicine and clinical practice.
  • Review of existing literature on XR applications in cardiovascular medicine.
  • Discussion of XR's integration in medical training and patient interactions.
  • Analysis of XR's roles in pre-procedural, intra-procedural, and post-procedural phases.
  • XR has been successfully integrated into medical training and patient education.
  • Enhanced visualization during procedures has improved outcomes for healthcare providers.
  • The article addresses limitations of XR, including technology accessibility and training requirements.

Structured PICO

I
Intervention
Extended realities (XR)

Extended realities offer innovative ways to complement traditional cardiovascular practice through enhanced visualization, training, and patient care.

Limitations

  • High operation cost
  • Limited evidence from randomized multicenter trials
  • Lack of physician and patient input in development
  • Insufficient system reliability in medical environments

Abstract

Technological advancement and the COVID-19 pandemic have brought virtual learning and working into our daily lives. Extended realities (XR), an umbrella term for all the immersive technologies that merge virtual and physical experiences, will undoubtedly be an indispensable part of future clinical practice. The intuitive and three-dimensional nature of XR has great potential to benefit healthcare providers and empower patients and physicians. In the past decade, the implementation of XR into cardiovascular medicine has flourished such that it is now integrated into medical training, patient education, pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural visualization, and post-procedural care. This review article discussed how XR could provide innovative care and complement traditional practice, as well as addressing its limitations and considering its future perspectives.

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Cite This Study

Tsai et al. (2023) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Extended realities (XR) was evaluated. Extended reality technologies show broad potential across all stages of cardiovascular medicine, though widespread implementation remains limited by high costs, reliability, and lack of trial evidence.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e93b894f237034adf83cb7https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad352
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