Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer outstanding potential for pollutant extraction; however, their practical use is often hindered by difficulties in handling and recovery. Herein, we report a sustainable MOF-based extraction platform that integrates 3D-printed supports fabricated from poly(lactic acid) and pine wood residues with zirconium-based MOFs grown via a green in situ synthesis. Postprinting surface functionalization enabled the stable immobilization of UiO-66-derived MOFs, selected for their strong affinity toward picolinic herbicides (PHs). The resulting UiO-66-OH@3D-printed device demonstrated high extraction efficiencies (73–107%), excellent sensitivity (limits of detection of 0.0016–0.0032 μg L–1), and good reusability over eight extraction cycles. The platform was successfully applied to the determination of trace PHs in environmental water samples. This work establishes MOF-functionalized sustainable 3D-printed devices as a robust, cost-effective, and environmentally benign strategy for green water pollutant extraction.
Gil-Aparicio et al. (2026) studied this question.