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April 25, 2026Energy Science & EngineeringOpen Access

A Review of Overcurrent Protection in Smart Grids Under Cyber‐Physical Threats With a Cyber‐Physical Evaluation Framework

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Authors

FAFeras AlasaliAAAnas AlMajaliNNNaser Naily

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Overview

Review assesses cyber-physical risks to overcurrent protection in smart grids, indicating crucial weaknesses and resilience needs.

Key Points

  • The paper aims to evaluate overcurrent protection vulnerabilities in smart grids due to cyber-physical threats.
  • Used attack-tree structure to assess cyber threats and their effects on overcurrent protection.
  • Modeled cyber disturbances with OMNeT and physical interactions with ETAP for co-simulation of events.
  • Applied framework to the IEEE 9-bus network under various cyberattack scenarios.
  • Identified critical system weaknesses that can lead to misoperations during malicious attacks.
  • Demonstrated how specific attack configurations impact fault detection and relay coordination.
  • Highlighted the need for enhanced resilience in power protection systems.

Cite This Study

Alasali et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ec5b6088ba6daa22dace97https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70531
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