Integration of artificial intelligence into the restoration of architectural monuments: Methods and prospects

The study aimed to identify the potential of intelligent digital technologies in assessing the condition of architectural heritage sites and justifying necessary interventions. Methods of systematisation, comparative and comparative-legal analysis, and case analysis were employed. The study established that artificial intelligence in the field of architectural heritage conservation improved professional expertise, digital documentation, condition analysis, forecasting and support for restoration decisions. The effectiveness was determined by data quality, expert validation, system compatibility and algorithm transparency. At the same time, key challenges remained, including incomplete automation, the complexity of integrating digital environments, and the need for human oversight. The global regulatory and ethical framework stipulated that the application of artificial intelligence in restoration must be based on the principles of authenticity, human oversight, accountability, and the use of reliable data. The study determined that Ukrainian legislation does not yet contain specific legal regulations on the use of artificial intelligence in restoration; therefore, its application was primarily linked to documentation, standardisation of damage assessment, data preparation and the professional training of specialists. The case studies of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Mezgit Castle, St Peter’s Basilica, and Lausanne Cathedral demonstrated established approaches to the use of artificial intelligence in restoration practice, as well as in the monitoring and forecasting of the condition of heritage sites. Ukrainian practices in Lviv (Historic Centre Ensemble), Odesa (Odesa Historic Centre) and Chernihiv (T. Shevchenko Chernihiv Regional Academic Music and Drama Theatre) represented a predominantly artificial intelligence-ready environment for the future implementation of such solutions. Therefore, the opportunities for the application of artificial intelligence were linked to the transition to comprehensive integrated systems for analysis, modelling and decision support, provided that the principles of authenticity, minimal intervention, scientific verification and mandatory human oversight were upheld. The practical significance of the possible use of results by restorers, architects, engineers and cultural heritage authorities in restoration practice, during the documentation and assessment of the condition of monuments, and in planning measures for their preservation