With the increase in the adoption of digital education and online certifications, there is a remarkable need for certificate verification systems that are secure and reliable. Certificate issuance and validation are traditionally conducted through a manual process relying on centralized databases that is easily forged, manipulated, and fails in the occurrence of an accidental data loss. A big cause of concern for educational institutions, employers and government agencies is fake certificates. To alleviate such problems, a tamper-proof and distributed certificate verification mechanism is proposed on the basis of block chain technology. The blockchain technology offers a decentralized and unchangeable ledger, like cannot change the data once stored in that ledger. The new system stores the verified certificates into a blockchain network securely after being issued by institutions. It assigns a unique cryptographic hash value for each certificate to ensure its authenticity and integrity.
Kumar et al. (2026) studied this question.