This article explores the barriers leading to the decline in enrollment in neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) programs. It also identifies gaps and offers evidence-based strategies to improve recruitment and retention in the NNP workforce. These gaps in the literature involve issues of diversity within the NNP workforce, marketing approaches, and undergraduate exposure. Effective strategies include mentorship programs, academic-practice collaborations, and wellness initiatives. The findings highlight the need to invest in NNP education, implement policy support for workforce sustainability, and foster collaboration among academia, practice settings, and organizations to secure the future of neonatal advanced practice nursing. Without coordinated efforts, the NNP role may decline, potentially harming neonatal outcomes.
Farmer et al. (2026) studied this question.