values, and LC-MS analysis showed key bioactive substances including ferulic acid, gallic acid, naringenin, catechin, quercetin, and myricetin. The Network pharmacology study identified interactions with key proteins, including IL-1β, TLR4, IL6, NOS3, ABCA1, with prominent interaction of quercetin and kaempferol with the protein IL-1β. The DisGeNET mapping findings point toward their participation in key pathophysiological conditions like inflammation, interstitial inflammation, myofibroblast activation causing tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and microbial infection. The study concludes that A. sativum and S. jambolanum actively play a significant role in inflammation and associated dysfunctions, hence providing novel plant-based therapeutics as A. Sativum and S. jambolanum by highlighting the significance in traditional medicine as well as their potential relevance in contemporary pharmacology.
Singh et al. (2026) studied this question.