and a C1-pathway Faradaic efficiency of 75.6%. This work reports a paradigm shift from a passive "scavenger" model to an active "initial-attack and system-orchestration" mechanism, redefining heterointerfaces as atomically programmable reaction-network architects. This paradigm offers a blueprint for mastering complex reaction networks, extending the frontier of rational catalyst design.
Zhu et al. (2026) studied this question.